Bruneian Suicidal behaviors among school attending adolescents: A nationwide cross sectional study

Background: It is aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviors regarding to epidemiological and psychosocial characteristics among Bruneian school-student adolescents.Methods: The cross-sectional study of 2599 (female: 49.9%; mean: 14.7 years old; SD: ±1.4) school-student adolescents aged between 13-17 years was based on the Global School-based Health Survey in Brunei. Data on suicidal behaviors, psychosocial and demographic characteristics were analyzed using multiple logistic regression model.Results: The prevalence of suicidal behaviors was 9.3%, 6.5% and 5.9% for suicidal ideation, suicidal plan and suicidal attempt respectively. Female adolescents reported more attempts (61.2%). It was found that some characteristics including suicide ideation (69%), anxiety (28%), loneliness (30%) were statistically different between the attempters of suicide and non-attempters among Bruneian school-student adolescents (p-valueConclusion: The revealed suicidal behaviors, including being lonely, anxious, bullied, attacked physically, alcohol use among school students should be considered by parents and school and counselling service staff in order to prevent selectively.Keywords: Suicide, Adolescents, Brunei Darussalam</p

Evaluating the relationship between adult attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder and riding behavior of motorcyclists

Background: Motorcycling is one of the main causes of injury, and motorcyclists are vulnerable to road traffic injuries. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is presumably one of the determinants of road traffic injuries and motorcyclists’ risky behavior. Despite the few studies on the relationship between motorcycle injuries and adult ADHD, their association has not been investigated using standardized instruments. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between motorcyclists’ adult ADHD and risky riding behaviors. Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study was performed on 340 motorcyclists in Bukan city, west Azerbaijan province, Iran in 2015 and 2016 using a cluster-random sampling in seven areas of the city. According to the city map used by Bukan’s Health Centers, the city was divided into 14 clusters. Then, seven clusters (out of 14) were selected randomly. To reach the anticipated sample size, the data were collected from these seven clusters. In this study, the data collection instruments were: standard Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ), Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) questionnaire and a checklist designed by the researchers. The Stata 13 software package was used to analyze the collected data. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were performed to study the linear relationship between ADHD screening and MRBQ scores. Results: All 340 participants were male and the mean age was 30.2 years (SD=9.1). In addition, 22.1% of motor cyclists had a history of motorcycle crash. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between risky riding behaviors and age, motorcycling records, and mean of riding hours per day (P-valueless than 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed the correlation between ADHD and risky riding behaviors in all subscales (A, B, D) (pless than 0.05). Conclusions: Those with a high ADHD screening score are more likely to have risky riding behaviors

Psychometric properties of the 12-item WHODAS applied through phone survey: an experience in PERSIAN Traffic Cohort

Background Due to limited capability to function in post-injury daily life injury, survivors need to be reliably assessed without need to commute more than necessary. The key action is to determine the level of functioning difficulties. Having the opportunity of conducting a national post-crash traffic safety and health cohort study, we aimed to translate into Persian and assess the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) through phone surveys six month post injury. Methods First, having World Health Organization permission, we tested the translation validity by forward translation, expert panel evaluation, back-translation, pre-testing and cognitive interviewing, and finalizing the Persian WHODAS. Then, through a psychometric study within a national cohort platform, the validity, reliability and applicability of the 12-item WHODAS was assessed through phone surveys. We included data of 255 road traffic injury patients enrolled from the cohort at six-month follow-up. The psychometric assessment (internal consistency reliability and stability reliability) was conducted on test-retest data of 50 patients with an average 7-day time span. An exploratory factor analysis tested the construct validity using extraction method of principal component factor and oblique rotation on data from 255 patients. Regarding the multiple criteria including an eigenvalue > 0.9, Cattell's scree test, cumulative variance, and the theoretical basis, the minimum number of factors were retained. Data were analyzed using STATA statistical software package. Results The respondents were mostly male (81%), employed (71%), educated (87%), and with a mean age of 37.7(14.9). The Persian version had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and excellent stability reliability (ICC = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98). An exploratory factor analysis retained four factors defining 86% of all the variance. Factors of Self-care, Mobility, and Cognition were completely retained. Conclusions The brief Pesrian WHODAS 2.0 was highly reliable and valid to be applied through phone interviews post injury

Functional Consequences of Road Traffic Injuries: Preliminary Results from PERSIAN Traffic Cohort (PTC)

Introduction: Traffic injuries are one of the main causes of death worldwide. After decreasing mortality rates and improving the recovery of injured patients, long-term functional consequences need to be addressed. The purpose of this study was to assess the functional outcomes of road traffic injuries and their predictors six months after hospital discharge, based on the preliminary results from PTC.Methods: A cross-sectional study based on PERSIAN Traffic Health and Safety Cohort Study was performed. Data were collected using the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) with six domains (cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along with others, life activities, and participation), filled-in by 180 injured adults (age >18 years) at six-month follow-up after hospital discharge during October 2019. These patients were hospitalized after road accidents at two referral trauma centers, (from 23 September 2018 to 20 March 2019).Results: The majority of participants were men (82.7%), (Mean age =38.8). The mean score of WHODAS 2.0 was 17.8) SD=9.1). The highest score was estimated for the self-care dimension 3.3 (SD=1.8), and the lowest score for getting along with others 2.4 (SD=1.2). Age, gender, physiotherapy, injury localization including head and face, spinal cord, and upper extremity were predictors of WHODAS 2.0 score in various dimensions (p<0.05).Conclusion: The current study identified some functional disabilities among patients sustaining road traffic injuries. It is evident from the results that a proportion of patients do not recover six months after the injury and suffer a disability, especially in self-care, mobility, and life activities, which potentially prevent them from returning to normalcy. In addition, age, gender, physiotherapy, injury localization was related to WHODAS 2.0 score

Children are highly exposed to physical violence between parents: a preliminary report emphasizing the need for intervention

Introduction: Domestic violence is still common all around the world and children are directly or indirectly victimized. This study investigates the exposure of children to interparental physical violence. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of randomly selected university students. Information was collected on any experience of exposure to violence between parents, the type, frequency and duration of violent acts. Results: From a total of 177 students, 31.5% of females and 46.6% of males have experienced interparental violence (IPV), and most of them (66.7%) directly witnessed it. The intimate violence was by fathers in 62.3%. The most frequent types were slamming a door and slapping (20.3%). Almost 40.0% of violent experiences began during pre-school age of the child, and a same number were still experiencing such events. Rate was higher reported by males and less educated parents. Males had a higher odds ratio (OR) of exposure to physical violence, as well as violence by fathers only. Conclusion: This report emphasizes the high rate of children witnessing violence between their parents. Beside proper and in time intervention to reduce the psychological harm in these children, educational programs to increase social skills and problem-solving methods will improve the quality of relations within families